Why TMS Can Cause Headaches - Causes & Fast Relief Strategies

Quick Summary
Headaches are the most common side effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). They’re usually short-lived, mild-to-moderate, and respond to simple self-care (hydration, OTC pain relief, rest). Most important: tell your TMS team if a headache is severe, persistent, or comes with other neurological symptoms - clinics screen for seizure risk and are trained to manage complications.
Why TMS can cause headaches (plain language)
TMS delivers brief magnetic pulses to areas of the scalp and brain. Those pulses can:
- Stimulate scalp and neck muscles, causing muscle tension and tenderness.
- Irritate sensory nerves in the scalp where the coil rests.
- Cause brief changes in local blood flow or neuronal activity that patients sometimes notice as a headache while the brain adjusts.
These mechanisms explain why headaches are common after a session but are usually temporary and manageable. Clinics intentionally screen patients and set stimulation intensity to balance benefit and tolerability.
Immediate relief strategies (what patients can do right after a session)
Try these first-line, low-risk steps if you get a headache after TMS:
- Hydrate. Drink water - mild dehydration often makes headaches worse.
- Rest quietly for 15–30 minutes. Lie down in a dim, quiet room.
- Over-the-counter analgesics (if appropriate). Acetaminophen or ibuprofen often helps. Check with your clinician if you’re on blood thinners or have medical contraindications.
- Warm or cool compress. A warm compress can relax tense neck muscles; a cold pack can numb localized scalp pain - use whichever feels better.
- Neck and shoulder self-stretching. Gentle neck rolls and shoulder stretches relieve muscle tension.
- Avoid heavy caffeine or alcohol. Small amounts of caffeine sometimes help, but too much can worsen a headache. Alcohol can dehydrate and interfere with recovery.
- Short walk & fresh air. Light movement and deep breathing reduce tension for some people.
Note: If you’ve been prescribed a specific pain plan (for example, the clinic recommended a pre-session analgesic), follow that. Always check with your clinician before taking new medications.

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Clinician steps & adjustments (what your care team may do)
If headaches recur or are bothersome, the clinic may:
- Adjust stimulation intensity (lowering the machine’s output or the motor threshold percentage).
- Change the coil position slightly (remapping) to reduce local scalp discomfort while preserving efficacy. Proper motor-threshold mapping is a standard safety step and part of personalization.
- Space sessions differently (longer breaks between repeated bursts).
- Offer pre-treatment analgesia on days when headaches recur (clinician-guided).
- Screen for medication interactions or other medical causes that might predispose to headaches.
- Recommend physical therapy or targeted stretches for persistent neck/shoulder tension.
If headaches are mild, teams often try protocol tweaks first. If strong or worrying symptoms occur, they’ll pause treatment and evaluate further. Clinics follow safety protocols to minimize rare serious events (e.g., seizure).
When to contact your clinic or seek urgent care
Call your TMS clinic immediately if you experience:
- A severe headache that won’t respond to rest or OTC meds.
- Headache accompanied by confusion, difficulty speaking, weakness, numbness, vision changes, loss of consciousness, or any seizure-like activity.
- Headache that worsens over several hours or is different from previous treatment-related headaches.
- Any neurological changes after a TMS session?
Clinics are trained to triage and will advise whether you should come in for assessment or seek emergency care. Serious complications are rare but warrant prompt attention.
Prevention: practical patient tips
For patients
- Bring water, a small snack, a light jacket (clinics can be cool), and a list of current medications.
- Use the immediate relief steps above after sessions.
- Tell the clinic about any history of migraine, frequent headaches, or neck/shoulder issues - these can guide prevention.
- Report recurring or changing headaches early so clinicians can adjust your care plan.
Special considerations: migraines, teens, and medication interactions
- Migraines: Patients with a migraine history may be more sensitive - the clinic will screen and adjust protocols to reduce risk.
- Teens/adolescents: Programs treating teens use extra caution and parental involvement in monitoring side effects.
- Medication interactions: Certain medications (e.g., those that affect seizure threshold) are screened before TMS. Always provide a complete med list so your clinician can safely manage risk. If pharmacologic augmentation is used (as in some accelerated/ONE-D protocols), your psychiatrist will explain specific interactions and monitoring.
What to tell your clinic (quick checklist)
When you call or message your TMS clinic about a headache, give them:
- When the headache started and how long it’s lasted.
- A short description: location (scalp, behind eyes, neck), intensity, and what helps/doesn’t help.
- Any new medications or substances since your last session?
- Any neurological symptoms (vision, speech, weakness).
- Whether this headache is different from previous post-TMS headaches.
A short, structured report lets the team triage quickly and advise whether you should come in or wait for the next session.
How common are headaches after TMS?
Headaches and scalp tenderness are the most common side effects. Most are mild and resolve shortly after sessions. Clinics expect and manage them routinely.
Can a TMS headache become serious?
Serious complications are rare. Seek immediate care for severe, persistent headaches or headaches with neurological symptoms. Clinics screen patients to minimize risks.
Should I take painkillers before a TMS session?
Only if your clinician recommends it. Some clinics advise a simple OTC analgesic for sensitive patients; always check with your care team first.
Will headaches stop after a few sessions?
Often yes - many patients notice headaches ease as they progress through the course. If headaches persist, your clinician can adjust the protocol or investigate other causes.

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